In January-October 2020p, the balance-of-payments current account posted a deficit of EUR 8,778 million, compared with EUR 9,117 million in the same year-ago period. The deficit on trade in goods widened by EUR 995 million, the surplus on services increased by EUR 715 million, the primary income balance saw its deficit expand by EUR 191 million, and the surplus of the secondary income balance rose by EUR 810 million.
Non-residents’ direct investmente in Romania totalled EUR 1,754 million (compared with EUR 4,673 million in January – October 2019), of which equity (including the estimated net reinvestment of earnings) and intercompany lending recorded net values of EUR 3,262 million and EUR -1,508 million respectively.
In January – October 2020, total external debt increased by EUR 9,208 million, of which:
- long-term external debt at end-October 2020 totalled EUR 84,771 million (71.2 percent of total external debt), up 14.1 percent against end-2019;
- short-term external debt at end-October 2020 amounted to EUR 34,220 million (28.8 percent of total external debt), down 3.5 percent from end-2019.
Long-term external debt service ratio ran at 19.7 percent in January – October 2020 against 19.3 percent in 2019. At end-October 2020, goods and services import cover stood at 5.3 months, as compared to 4.5 months at end-2019.
At end-October 2020, the ratio of the National Bank of Romania’s foreign exchange reserves to short-term external debt by remaining maturity came in at 73.7 percent, against 68.8 percent at end-2019.
Methodological Notes
1. Data are updated on a monthly basis. Data for the current period together with the revised data for the base period are available under Data sets; historical monthly and quarterly data going back to 2005 are available in the Interactive database.
2. Data from the NBR’s statistical surveys on International Trade in Services and Foreign Direct Investment may be affected by the impact of the pandemic, which, in statistical terms, consisted in the reduction of the reporting samples and the ensuing expansion of internal estimates.
3. The international methodological standard on balance of payments compilation is ensured by the IMF’s sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). The BPM6 methodology has been transposed into the EU legislation based on Commission Regulation (EU) No 555/2012 on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment, as regards the update of data requirements and definitions.
4. In order to analyse current account data, the following aspects should be considered:
4.1. Goods (on a BOP basis): Source: National Institute of Statistics – International Trade of Goods. Imports FOB are calculated by the NBR based on the CIF/FOB conversion factor set by the NIS. The balance of payments principle consists in entering goods based on the “change in economic ownership” criterion (goods acquired by residents are included, irrespective of whether the goods cross the country border or not), while in international trade statistics goods are recorded based on the “cross-border” criterion (goods are recorded when crossing the border, irrespective of whether they belong to residents or not). In order to ensure compliance with the “change in economic ownership” principle, the NIS data are adjusted by the NBR, so that the values of exports and imports of goods in the BOP statistics are different from those in international trade statistics. The main difference between the two types of statistics comes from manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others which, according to BPM6, has been reclassified from Goods to Services and the data source has been changed from International Trade in Goods to the Quarterly Survey on international trade in services conducted by the NBR;
4.2. Services: Source: Quarterly Survey on International Trade in Services;
4.3. Primary income: includes compensation of employees, investment income (direct investment, portfolio investment, other investment) and other primary income (taxes, subsidies);
4.4. Secondary income: includes current private transfers and transfers of the general government.
5. Foreign direct investment: The permanent debt between affiliated financial intermediaries (banks, NBFIs) is not treated as direct investment, but recorded under financial account/other investment.
6. External debt includes the following debt financial instruments: currency and deposits, loans, debt securities, trade credit and advances, liabilities from insurance, pension, and standardised guarantee schemes, SDR allocations and other liabilities (according to the IMF’s External Debt Statistics Guide for Compilers and Users, 2014).
7. External direct public debt includes external loans taken directly by the MPF and local governments, in compliance with the legislation on public debt, including government securities purchased by non-residents – calculated at market value. The value of government securities purchased by non-residents is estimated as a difference between the total value of issues by general government and the total value of holdings of government securities by resident institutional sector reported by the main financial intermediaries on their behalf and on behalf of their clients for which they render custody services, according to NBR Regulation No. 4/2014, as subsequently amended and supplemented.
8. External publicly guaranteed debt includes external loans guaranteed by the Ministry of Public Finance and local governments in compliance with the legislation on public debt.
9. Long-term external debt service ratio is calculated as a ratio of long-term external debt service to exports of goods and services.
10. Import cover is calculated as a ratio of international reserves (foreign exchange + gold) at the end of period to average monthly imports of goods and services for the period under review.
11. Short-term external debt by remaining maturity refers to the short-term external debt outstanding at the end of period plus the payments related to long-term external debt due in the following 12 months.
12. Statistical data for the period 2013-September 2019 have been updated according to the framework for the 2019 benchmark revision. Starting with October 2019, the data have been compiled in the same methodological framework. For further details, see http://www.bnr.ro/Process-of-statistical-data-revision-20812.aspx.
The next monthly press release on the “Balance of payments and external debt” will be issued on 13 January 2021.
